Understanding Your Audience

Latent Class Modeling

Uncover hidden patterns in your data. Latent Class Modeling is a powerful statistical technique used to identify unobserved (latent) subgroups within a population based on observed data.

Methodology Options

Latent Class Models

We apply three key types of Latent Class models to solve a range of research and analytics challenges:

Latent Class Cluster Model

Groups individuals based on similarity in response patterns, rather than Euclidean distance as in the traditional K-Means approach.

Key Benefits:

Probability-based classification: assesses the probability that each respondent belongs to every cluster. In a model with a good fit, these probabilities are usually close to 100% for the cluster a user is most associated with and close to 0% for the other clusters

Handles variables of mixed scale types (nominal, ordinal or continuous), which allows the use of behavioral data in clustering

Statistical tests are available to assess the model fit and compare different models

More robust with missing data - respondents can still be classified even with incomplete information

Continuous or discrete factors can be used in a LC cluster model to deal with rating scale usage bias as a faster, more flexible alternative to case level standardization, and to capture obvious relationships in the data

Real-World Applications:

Segmenting customers using both attitudinal and behavioral data

Creating stable, well-defined segments with interpretable patterns

Latent Class Factor Model

Simplify complex data into meaningful dimensions.

This model identifies latent factors that explain correlations among observed variables. Unlike traditional factor analysis, LC Factor models generate discrete, ordinal factors such as Low / Mid / High, which can be more actionable in marketing and strategy.

Key Benefits:

Works with mixed data types

No need to rotate factors for interpretation

Real-World Applications:

Since LC factors are discrete and ordinal, using LC Factor models rather than traditional factor / principal components analysis may be a better approach when creating affinity scores, because Low/Mid/High groups will be created by the model rather than by arbitrary cutoffs of values of a continuous factor

LC factors can be converted to segments. For example, if 2 factors are identified with 2 levels each (Low/High), then respondents can be grouped into 4 segments, which will represent each possible combination of values in the 2 factors: (Low, Low), (Low, High), (High, Low), (High, High)

Latent Class Regression Model

Build predictive models that reflect real-world complexity.

The LC Regression model simultaneously classifies individuals into segments and builds a separate regression model for each segment. Each segment represents a homogeneous group of respondents. This approach is ideal when data reflects substantial heterogeneity.

Key Benefits:

Handles variables of mixed scale types (nominal, ordinal or continuous)

No assumptions of linearity, normality, or homogeneity

Separate models for each class improve predictive accuracy

Supports covariates and parameter constraints to avoid overfitting

Ideal for conjoint analysis - simultaneously identify segments in population and product features that appeal to each segment

Real-World Applications:

Segment-specific product design strategies

Modeling outcomes like purchase intent across distinct respondent types

Why It Matters

Latent Class models provide deeper insight than traditional techniques by recognizing that one-size-fits-all analysis often misses the mark, giving you the tools to uncover hidden structure in your data for more precise targeting and better strategic outcomes.

Ready to discover how Latent Class Modeling can provide answers to your business questions?

Partner with PROOF Insights to leverage advanced Latent Class Analysis that reveals hidden subgroups and transforms complex data into strategic advantage.